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July 2007
News this month
Researchers looking
at programs to help
cancer survivors
Cancer survivorship is being more
intensely studied in the United States as
the number of cancer survivors grows.
Doctors are finding that cancer survivorship
programs are helping the
burgeoning number of patients cope
with after-effects of the disease.
The fact is, everyone has some side
effects from cancer – whether it’s
noticing slight hair loss to experiencing
pain. For some, depression and living
in fear of reoccurrence is their
complication.
Patricia Ganz, MD, professor,
University of California Schools of
Medicine and Public Health,
Los Angeles, and director of the
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
Patients and Survivors Program, and
her colleagues are studying the effects
of surviving cancer.
There are 10.1 million survivors
Innovative new treatments and
targeted therapies are helping to cure
more and more cancer patients and are
providing hope for patients living with
cancer. These exciting developments are
leading to the growing number of
cancer survivors, now estimated to be
10.1 million people, in the United
States. Cancer survivors have unique
health concerns resulting from the
treatments they were given to fight
their cancer and should be monitored
by physicians and supportive care
professionals specializing in side effects
of treatment.
Researchers are exploring fatigue,
sleep and cognitive functions of cancer
survivors, and they are studying the
immunologic and physiologic causes of
side effects. In addition, they’re testing
therapies such as yoga, and studying
whether some drugs can block
symptoms of fatigue.
Side effects can involve the entire body
Writing in Supportive Oncology in
February 2007, Dr. Ganz and her fellow
researchers indicated that late effects of
chemotherapy and radiation can affect
almost every body system.
For example, breast cancer survivors
seem to have better emotional
health but decreased physical function
when compared to other women.
This can be attributed to use of
adjuvant chemotherapy or the drug
tamoxifen, according to the researchers.
They reported in Supportive Oncology,
“Breast cancer survivors, in general,
are doing very well, but having
adjuvant chemotherapy or tamoxifen
leads to subtle changes in function.”
In addition, fatigue is common
among survivors and can be associated
with insomnia, forgetfulness,
distractibility, diminished activity and
other issues.
According to the researchers, there’s
a biologic reason for fatigue. Cancer
treatments cause the release of
pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to
fatigue. Cytokines are proteins and
peptides that are chemical signals similar
to hormones and neurotransmitters that
allow cells to communicate.
Survivorship programs recommended
To combat cancer complications,
Dr. Ganz and her associates recommend
programs like the Connecticut Challenge
Survivorship Clinic at Yale Cancer
Center, which is the first program of its
kind in Connecticut. Programs like this
can help people address pain, alternative
therapies, diet, exercise and wellness
concerns, all of which can help assure a
better quality of life.
They recommend that survivor
clinics and registries be launched to
contribute to a better understanding of
the late effects of cancer and the needs
of cancer survivors. Patients should be
given checklists of what to expect,
including weight guidelines, changes in
organs, and how menopause and sexual
function can be affected.
The researchers wrote: “We should
give patients a treatment summary and
survivorship care plan. We should send
them forward based on the kind of
treatment they had and expect them to
become participants in their lifetime care.”
Physician Referral Online
A free and confidential service
of Yale-New Haven Hospital.
Physician Referral Online
Using your own criteria, you can request information from a database
of more than 1,000 area physicians who have registered
to participate.
Request an appointment
We would be happy to assist you in scheduling an appointment with
a member of the hospital’s medical staff. Use the link above or
call:
203-688-2000
or toll free
1-888-700-6543
to talk with a referral coordinator.
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Offering hope and healing
Cancer death rates have been
dropping since 2003. That’s great news,
but it suggests another issue: cancer
survivorship.
There are more than 10 million cancer
survivors in this country, a number so
significant that cancer survivorship
programs are opening. There are 12
programs around the country, one of
which is here at Yale Cancer Center.
Multidisciplinary support and
follow-up care programs are needed
because as the prognosis improves, the
number of people cured or living with the
disease will reach critical mass.
While most cancer survivors have a
special appreciation for life, they may fail
to talk about residual issues.
Special needs of cancer
survivors
Each cancer survivor experiences
unique health concerns. It is estimated
that 10-15 percent of survivors experience
side effects such as pain, chronic fatigue,
cognition changes or depression.
Cancer survivorship programs help
survivors deal with these issues. They
address three common areas: the medical
side effects of treatment, psycho-social
concerns and body image.
Many of the medical issues affecting
cancer survivors are the after-effects of
chemotherapy and radiation. What is
called late toxicity can affect the brain,
bone and soft tissue, and it can cause
nausea, vomiting, hair loss and low blood
counts.
Chronic pain can also result, especially
after a mastectomy for breast cancer.
Chemotherapy can also cause neuropathy,
which is nerve damage.
Typically, pain problems develop soon
after treatment. In some cases, pain will
resolve, but in others it lingers.
Side effects can be controlled
Many times, patients don’t tell their
doctors about pain and live with it.
They say they keep it from their doctors
because:
- they feel a sense of profound joy
just to be alive.
- they fear that pain means the cancer
is back.
- they fear their doctor will give up on
them.
- they think that pain is expected after
cancer treatment.
- they fear that they’ll get hooked on
narcotics and have medication side
effects.
- they think that there’s nothing the
doctor can do.
And some doctors may not ask cancer
patients if they have pain. As a cancer pain
specialist, I find that taking a good pain
history means using the acronym WILMA.
Words, Intensity, Location, Medication,
Aggravate.
I ask patients to first describe the type
of pain they have in their own words, its
intensity on a numerical scale, and the
location of the pain. Then I ask them what
medications help and what tends to
aggravate or relieve the pain.
Survivors should realize that pain can be treated, so it’s important for them
to tell their doctor what they’re feeling.
How Yale Cancer Center’s program can help
At the Connecticut Challenge
Survivorship Clinic at Yale Cancer Center,
we encourage patients to share everything
with their doctor. We also counsel them on
diet and exercise, and how complementary
medicine responses like Reiki, meditation,
yoga and massage can help.
We have a social worker and nurse on
staff who understand the long-term side
effects of cancer and who can help guide
patients through the recovery journey.
Patients come to the program for just
one visit or for ongoing transitional
management of symptoms, especially
for those with pain.
At the Survivorship Clinic, we tell
cancer survivors that hope is free and has
no side effects. We let them know that they
are not their cancer diagnosis, and that the
experience of cancer and its related issues
are different for all patients.
If you are a cancer patient, I recommend
talking to your doctor, sharing your feelings
with friends, and understanding that most
symptoms can be treated effectively.
Kenneth D. Miller, MD, is assistant
professor of medicine, medical oncology
for Yale School of Medicine, and medical
director of the Connecticut Challenge
Survivorship Clinic at Yale Cancer Center.
For more information about
the Connecticut Challenge
Survivorship Clinic
at Yale Cancer Center,
call (203) 785-CARE (2273)

Yale-New Haven Hospital was ranked among the very best in the nation in cancer treatment by U.S. News & World Report in 2007.
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