Yale University Press Release
New Haven— A team of Yale researchers have identified a genetic marker that can help predict the risk of developing ovarian cancer, a hard to detect and often deadly form of cancer.
Reporting online in the July 20 edition of the journal Cancer Research, the team showed that a variant of the KRAS oncogene was present in 25 percent of all ovarian cancer patients. In addition, this variant was found in 61 percent of ovarian cancer patients with a family history of breast and ovarian cancer, suggesting that this marker may be a new marker of ovarian cancer risk for these families, said the researchers.
"For many women out there with a strong family history of ovarian cancer who previously have had no identified genetic cause for their family's disease; this might be it for them," said Joanne B. Weidhaas, associate professor of therapeutic radiology, researcher for the Yale Cancer Center and co-senior author of the study. "Our findings support that the KRAS-variant is an new genetic marker of ovarian cancer risk."
Weidhaas and co-senior author Frank Slack, also of Yale, first searched for the KRAS-variant among ovarian cancer patients and found that one in four had the gene variant, compared to 6 percent of the general population. To confirm that the KRAS-variant was a genetic marker of ovarian cancer risk, they studied women with ovarian cancer who also had evidence of a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. All these women had strong family history of cancer, but only half in their study had known genetic markers of ovarian cancer risk, BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
Six out of 10 women without other known genetic markers of ovarian cancer risk had the KRAS-variant. Unlike women with BRCA mutations who develop ovarian cancer at a younger age, women with the KRAS-variant tend to develop cancer after menopause. Because ovarian cancer is difficult to diagnose and thus usually found at advanced stages, finding new markers of increased ovarian cancer risk is critical, note the researchers.
Genetic tests for the KRAS-variant are currently being offered to ovarian cancer patients and to women with a family history of ovarian cancer by MiraDX, a New Haven-based biotechnology company that has licensed the Yale discoveries.
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health. Weidhaas and Slack have a financial interest in MiraDX.
Other Yale authors of the paper include: Elena Ratner, Lingeng Lu, Marta Boeke, Rachel Barnett, Sunitha Nallur, Lena J. Chin, Cory Pelletier, Rachel Blitzblau, Renata Tassi, Trupti Paranjape, Herbert Yu, Harvey Risch, Thomas Rutherford, Peter Schwartz, Alessandro Santin, Ellen Matloff, Daniel Zelterman.
Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH), part of Yale New Haven Health, is a nationally recognized, 1,541-bed, not-for-profit hospital serving as the primary teaching hospital for the Yale School of Medicine (YSM). Founded as the fourth voluntary hospital in the U.S. in 1826, today, YNHH has two New Haven-based campuses, and also includes Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, Yale New Haven Psychiatric Hospital and Smilow Cancer Hospital. YNHH has received Magnet designation from the American Nurses Credentialing Center, the nation’s highest honor of nursing excellence. YNHH has a combined medical staff of about 4,500 university and community physicians practicing in more than 100 specialties. www.ynhh.org
