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Why get a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is the most effective tool for preventing colorectal cancer. Most of the time, colorectal cancer starts as a polyp (a growth). By detecting and removing these polyps early, we can save lives.

Who should be screened?

  • Adults, beginning at age 45 and continuing until age 75.
  • Younger adults (before age 45) depending on their family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
  • For people aged 76-85, screening decisions should be based on personal preference, prior screening history and overall health. Those over 85 most likely do not benefit from having routine screening.
  • Frequency of screening depends upon type of screening test used, the results of the previous testing, as well as family history.

If you have any symptoms such as blood in your stool or stools, abdominal pain, weight loss, or change in bowel habits, don't delay and share it with your doctor as more immediate attention might be needed.

What to expect from a colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a common procedure that allows your doctor to examine the inside of your large intestine (colon) to check for signs of colorectal cancer, polyps, or other conditions. It’s a safe and effective way to help prevent or detect problems early.

Before the Procedure

  • Preparation: You’ll receive detailed instructions from your provider about what to eat and drink in the days leading up to your colonoscopy. This usually includes switching to a clear liquid diet and taking a prescribed bowel preparation to empty your colon.
    Learn more about preparing for your colonoscopy
  • Medication guidance: Your provider will review your medications and let you know if you need to make any temporary changes.

During the Procedure

  • You’ll receive sedation to help you relax and stay comfortable.
  • The doctor gently inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) into your rectum to view the lining of your colon.
  • If polyps or abnormal tissue are found, they can often be removed during the same procedure.

After the Procedure

  • You’ll spend a short time in recovery while the sedation wears off.
  • It’s normal to feel a bit bloated or have mild cramping for a few hours.
  • You’ll need someone to drive you home.
  • Your doctor will discuss the results or schedule a follow-up to review findings.
Yale School of Medicine

Yale New Haven Health is proud to be affiliated with the prestigious Yale University and its highly ranked Yale School of Medicine.